RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
RESULTS OF THE
NUMBER OF ORGANISMS IN EACH POND
|
Results for Bredgar Pond |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Organism |
|
|
Total
Number |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Waterboatman |
|
|
27 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Watermites |
|
|
3 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Worm
(blood) |
|
|
6 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Pond
Snails |
|
|
27 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Damselfly
nymph |
|
|
18 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Midge
Larva |
|
|
12 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Snail
Larva |
|
|
5 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Mayfly
nymph |
|
9 |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
Daphnia |
|
|
|
13632 |
|
|
|
|
Results for Tunstall Pond |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Organism |
|
|
Total
Number |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Worms
(blood) |
|
|
32 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Snails |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flatworms |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mosquito
larva |
|
|
2 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Water
louse |
|
|
7 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Daphnia |
|
|
|
11846 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Results for Tonge Pond |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Organism |
|
|
Total
Number |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Mayfly
nymph |
|
|
8 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Stonefly
nymph |
|
|
6 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Midge
Larva |
|
|
15 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Worm
(blood) |
|
|
16 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Flatworm |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bivalve |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Water
louse |
|
|
1 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Freshwater
shrimp |
|
|
24 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Copepods |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Damselfly
Nymp |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tubifer |
|
|
9 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
Daphnia |
|
|
4913 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Results of Cromers Wood |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Organism |
|
|
Total
Number |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Copepods |
|
|
|
2382 |
|
|
|
|
|
Midge Larva |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fresh
water Shrimps |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stonefly
nymph |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Daphnia |
|
|
|
20584 |
|
|
|
|
|
Newts |
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RESULTS OF
ANIONS AND CATIONS IN EACH POND
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pond No. of
Organisms |
Bredgar
107 |
Tonge 88 |
Cromers
Wood 75 |
Tunstall 64 |
|
|
|
Fl |
0.057 |
0.071 |
0.106 |
0.134 |
|
|
|
Cl |
130.16 |
14.405 |
481 |
19.86 |
|
|
|
Br |
|
|
0.0167 |
|
|
|
|
NO3 |
1.257 |
23.36 |
3.378 |
|
|
|
|
SO4 |
17.837 |
18.365 |
21.727 |
12.873 |
|
|
|
Ca |
49.1 |
119.8 |
51.5 |
11.9 |
|
|
|
K |
5.9 |
2.6 |
7.9 |
10.2 |
|
|
|
Mg |
2.1 |
3.8 |
3.6 |
3 |
|
|
|
Na |
56.4 |
19.8 |
240.9 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CLICK ON THUMB-NAIL FOR ENLARGEMENT
CLICK ON THUMB-NAIL FOR ENLARGEMENT
CLICK ON THUMB-NAIL FOR ENLARGEMENT
CLICK ON THUMB-NAIL FOR ENLARGEMENT
CLICK ON THUMB-NAIL FOR ENLARGEMENT
CLICK ON THUMB-NAIL FOR ENLARGEMENT
CLICK ON THUMB-NAIL FOR ENLARGEMENT
CLICK ON THUMB-NAIL FOR ENLARGEMENT
CLICK ON THUMB-NAIL FOR ENLARGEMENT
CLICK ON THUMB-NAIL FOR ENLARGEMENT
CLICK ON THUMB-NAIL FOR ENLARGEMENT
CLICK ON THUMB-NAIL FOR ENLARGEMENT
Effects of ion individual organisms
The ponds and organisms
are arranged in descending order of ion concentration
Where numbers increase or
decrease through the row, scattergrams have been drawn.
CLICK ON THUMB-NAIL FOR ENLARGEMENT
CLICK ON THUMB-NAIL FOR ENLARGEMENT
CLICK ON THUMB-NAIL FOR ENLARGEMENT
The results of BOD testing show a clear reduction in oxygen content of the water at Tunstall and a significant, though lesser, reduction at Cromers Wood. The numbers and types of organism present at Tunstall was reduced and oxygen levels could well have been the cause.
The anions and cations present also varied considerably. Bredgar, for example, had very high levels of sodium and chloride, possibly from the roads as sampling was done in winter when roads may have been salted.
The number and diversity of organisms varied between the sites. Daphnia were present in large numbers at all sites and their numbers were therefore omitted from some of the comparisons.
Fluoride levels seem to be particularly important in limiting the number of invertebrates, with a clear reduction in organisms as the concentration increases. Sulphate levels appear to have a detrimental effect on Stonefly numbers, similarly calcium on Daphnia. Nitrate levels, at least at the concentrations found, were less important in determining numbers of organisms.
Further lines of
enquiry
Most invertebrates found have life-cycles which involve them living at a site for many months or years. Water analysis in this study was from samples taken on a single day. It would be beneficial to see how ion concentration varies over time and to study the impact this has on animal populations.
Not all common constituents of pond water were analysed in this study. Pollutants such as oil from road traffic may enter the water. The ph may also vary due to natural or artificial causes. Both these factors may influence biodiversity.
