To climb, the pilot pulls the control column back to raise control surfaces, called elevators, on the tailplane. In this position, the elevators deflect the airflow upward. This pushes the tail downward, raising the nose.To dive, the pilot pushes the control column forward to lower the elevators.

To turn the plane left or right, the pilot moves the rudder by pressing on foot pedals. Swinging the rudder left swings the plane to the left. However, moving the rudder alone would make the plane side-slip. To avoid this, the pilot uses the ailerons to roll at the same time-a maneuver called banking.
 

To make the airplane roll, the pilot operates control surfaces on the wings called ailerons. When one aileron rises, the other falls. Air moving over the wings is deflected downward by the other. This air movement rolls the aircraft.

The rotor blades of a helicopter have the same shape as an airplane wing. But because they circle rapidly, the blades can produce enough lift to move the helicopter vertically. By altering the pitch (angle) of the blades, the pilot can move the helicopter in any direction

When the swashplate are tilted, the pitch of each rotor blade varies as it rotates. Where the pitch is high. The rotor therefore tilts, and the helicopter moves either forward or backward.( Horizontal Flight)

When the swashplate are level, the pitch of the rotor blades stay the same as they rotate. The pilot can raise the swash-plate with the control column, thereby increasing the pitch of all rotor blades. The lift force increases and the helicopter rises.

Large helicopters often have twin rotors to produce twice the lift force. The oppisite spins of the rotors counteract each other, so no tail rotor is needed.